1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The electoral process in Nigeria has gain a lot of transparency since the inception of the use of card reader as the tool for the credibility. The continuous occurrence of electoral malpractice in Nigeria political election has had a negative effect on its reputation and reliability.
According to (Akinboye, 2005) states that the effective management of the Nigeria electoral process has become significantly imperative political demand in order to ensure the level of transparency, sanctity and the overall credibility of election results in nation’s democratic settings.
(Udu, Nkwede et. Al2014) in his research stated that the INEC as an instrument of processing the democratic ideal structures is expected to be an independent body that promotes the ideals of continuous transparency, accountability, impartiality and responsiveness. This may be informed that popular perception that INEC is insulted from the partisan politics, and that INEC is fully empowered to carry out its avowed duties devoid of any kind of influence.
Evidence has it that INEC over the years has not been fully autonomous and non-partisan, it is also said that INEC does not appear to be sufficiently empowered to discharge its assigned duties and responsibility. Take a look at the 2015 general election in Nigeria despite some recorded irregularities evidenced in the non availability of the electoral materials, the rigging of the election results in some areas, especially the rural areas, the malfunctioning of their card reader machines and the friction caused by politicians and security personnel's to subvert the process, the outcome of the 2015 general election in Nigeria was generally accepted to be transparent.
It was rumored that by most of the foreign intelligent units and diplomatic sources since the year 2011 that Nigeria as a country will cease to exist after the 2015 election. According to the U. S ambassador to Nigeria, by name Mr John Campbell said that the country (Nigeria) will break up after the 2015 because he believed that the 2015 election will bring nothing but to put Nigeria in crisis.
But the result of the 2015 election came out otherwise even though many Nigeria believed that campbell prediction might take place
Frankly, Nigerians have desired a change of the Goodluck Jonathan’s PDP administration which has been generally accused of inefficiency, corruption, contempt of the people, insecurity etc. Security was brazenly compromised as government security agencies, including the military conducted their responsibilities with clear partisan inclinations that left nobody in doubt that state apparatuses as important as security and military institutions became tools of political vendetta, electoral manipulations and subversion of democratic norms
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
What really instigated the study card reader as a tool for election transparency is the continuous growth of irregularities in Nigeria political election; evidence has it that the citizens of Nigeria has never been satisfied with the manner in which election is being conducted in Nigeria. the powerful opposition parties rigs election at will; thereby putting the nation in crisis. Over the years, a lot of lives has been lost during these periods of election rendering families homeless, children fatherless and shift in the federal allocation to most of the communities in Nigeria. the major problem here is the vote and re-vote processes in most of rural area because there is no tool for credibility.
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